This paper, authored by Nina Vaswani, Fiona Dyer and Claire Lightowler, charts the development of youth justice since the 1968 Act ushered in a national coordinated system of justice and welfare, centred around the creation of the Children’s Hearing System and based on the 1964 Kilbrandon Report. It is part of a series of papers commissioned by Social Work Scotland to mark the 50th anniversary of the 1968 Act, launched in December 2018.